OPERATING SYSTEM OF COMPUTER

ABOUT SO 1.1. Operating System The operating system is a liaison between the users of computers with computer hardware. Before there was an operating system, people only use the computer using analog signals and digital signals. Along with the development of knowledge and technology, at present there are a variety of operating systems with the advantages of each. To better understand the operating system then you should need to know first some basic concepts about the operating system itself. General understanding of the operating system is managing all resources contained on computer systems and provides a set of services (system calls) to the user, making it easier and freshen the use and utilization of computer system resources. 1.1.1. Basic Functions Computer system basically consists of four main components, namely hardware devices, application programs, operating systems, and users. Operating system functions to regulate and supervise the use of hardware by various application programs and users. Operating system to function like a government within a country, in the sense of making the conditions so that the computer can run the program properly. To avoid conflicts that occur when users use the same resources, the operating system manage which users can access the resources. The operating system is also often called the resource allocator. One more important function of the operating system is a control program that aims to avoid the mistake (error) and the unnecessary use of computers. 1.1.2. Learning Objectives Operating System Learning objectives in order to design the operating system itself and can modify existing systems to suit our needs, in order to choose an alternative operating system, maximizing the use of the operating system and that operating system concepts and techniques can be applied to other applications. 1.1.3. Target Operating System The operating system has three main objectives, namely convenience - making use of the computer more comfortable, efficient - use of computer system resources efficiently, and able to evolve - the operating system must be constructed to allow and facilitate the development, testing and filing systems new. 1.1.4. History of Operating Systems According to Tanenbaum, the operating system is experiencing rapid growth, which can be divided into four generations: • First generation (1945-1955) The first generation of the early development of electronic computing systems as a replacement for mechanical computing system, it caused people to calculate the speed is limited and people are very easy to make a faux pas, errors and even mistakes. In this generation there is no operating system, the computer system is instructed to be done directly. • Second Generation (1955-1965) The second generation introduced the Batch Processing System, the Job is done in a series, and then executed berurutan.Pada this generation computer systems do not provide the operating system, but some of the existing operating system functions, ie functions of the operating system is FMS and IBSYS. • Third Generation (1965-1980) Developments in this generation operating system was developed to serve many users at once, where users communicate through an interactive on-line terminal to a computer, the operating system into a multi-user (in use many users at once) and multi-programming (many programs serve all gus). • Fourth Generation (Post 1980) Today, the operating system used for computer networks where users are aware of the computers that are connected to each other. At this time the users have also been comforted by the Graphical User Interface that is interface-based computer graphics are very comfortable, at this time also began the era of computing where computing-computing spread is no longer centered on one point, but broken in many computers in order to reach performance better.